E-News 71
September 2006
THE BETA
Human-Powered
User Groups Join Forces
AREA UPDATES
Upcoming Changes for Little Rock City, TN
The Access FundÕs Seventh Annual
Adopt-a-Crag Celebration
EVENTS
Get your LIMITED EDITION AF Hoodies!
Grant Writer Volunteers Needed
Vertical Times 71: The Adopt-a-Crag Issue is Now
Online!
NATIONAL NEWS
Washington
DC - Human-powered outdoor recreation user groups including Access Fund (AF), American
Whitewater (AW), American Canoe Association (ACA), American
Hiking Society (AHS), International Mountain Biking Association (IMBA), and Winter
Wildlands Alliance (WWA)
have joined forces to establish the Outdoor Alliance. Designed to be a
coalition of national, local and regional human-powered recreation groups, the
Outdoor Alliance seeks to protect and secure quality outdoor recreation
opportunities on the nationÕs public lands and waters through the collective
voice and influence of human-powered outdoor recreation participants.
While almost 150 million Americans
annually participate in recreation activities such as hiking, mountain biking,
climbing, canoeing, kayaking and backcountry skiing, the political voice of
this large constituency is not at all reflective of its size, and is often
overshadowed by broader groups with different recreational agendas.
Supported in part by a generous grant
from the Turner Foundation, the Outdoor Alliance will address the need for an
increased human-powered outdoor recreation voice by helping its member user
groups improve their grassroots organization and outreach capabilities, by
educating decision makers about the size, characteristics, and needs of the
human-powered outdoor recreation constituency, by coordinating and mobilizing
the allianceÕs collective grassroots on key issues, and by developing unified
public messages.
The Outdoor Alliance is designed as a
true coalition—that is, it is not an independent umbrella organization,
but rather a group of organizations working towards the same goal. The steering
committee, comprised of AF, AW, ACA, AHS, IMBA, and WWA (representing water,
land, and snow activities), has primary responsibility for developing the
information and communication resources needed to coordinate and support future
member initiatives.
Our own Access Fund
Executive Director, Steve Matous, has been elected Chairman of the Outdoor
Alliance and states: ÒThe Alliance supports responsible stewardship of the lands,
waters, air and habitat that are vital to a quality outdoor recreation
experience.Ó Mike Van Abel, Executive Director of the International Mountain
Bicycling Association adds: ÒThe Outdoor Alliance is the national voice
promoting sustainable outdoor element sports and activities where participants
carve, drop, hike and climb through a multitude of different natural
environments across the country creating ever growing opportunities for healthy
recreation,Ó
The Outdoor Alliance has retained Adam
Cramer and his Washington, D.C. firm, Leiter & Cramer PLLC to serve as its
policy architect and counsel and to provide unified guidance to the member
groups in stewardship and public policy initiatives.
For more information, Contact Adam
Cramer, Leiter & Cramer PLLC, abc@leitercramer.com, 202.386.7671.
Brad McLeod, Southeastern Climbers Coalition
Below are the current parameters for upcoming changes to visitation
at
LRC (The Stone Fort)-All changes will be in place beginning
October 1
2006. These changes are being made by the landowner with the
long-term
goal of maintaining access for climbers.
1.
Implement a $5 per climber parking fee using an online payment system
in conjunction with the current system of registration. To clarify, ALL
climbers visiting the boulderfield will be required to pay $5 for
each
visit to the property.
The number of daily visitors will also be increased to 40.
2.
Yearly group/school user fee per institution will be applied. Current
schools using LRC as a site for outdoor programs include McCallie,
Baylor, and GPS. These institutions will NOT be required to
register
for visitation during the week (Monday thru Friday). Therefore,
these
groups will not affect the number of passes during weekdays.
However,
all participating school programs will be required to register
individual climbers during the weekends.
The Triple Crown Bouldering Series will be charged for it's use of
the
boulderfield as well.
**In regard to all groups and individual climbers, everyone will
be
required to sign a liability waiver.
3.
All climbers will
"check-in" at the clubhouse before entering the
boulderfield. A Montlake employee will verify each climber by the
daily
registration page on the SCC (www.seclimbers.org) website. In addition
to monitoring visitation to the property, this will also offer a
way to
educate new climbers to the appropriate visitation procedure.
4. A
Montlake employee dedicated to an 8 am to 5:30 pm day will be on
duty in the fall.
In addition, the SCC will select 10 representatives from the
climbing
community. These ten representatives will be required to perform
several duties at LRC during each of their visits, and will help
maintain and monitor climber visitation to the boulderfield. If
you are
interested in information regarding one of these positions, please
see the
SCC message board http://seclimbers.org/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=340
5.
The name of LRC will be changed to The Stone Fort per the owner's
request
6. A
yearly pass for climbers who frequently visit the property will be
available for purchase beginning October 1 2006. The price for the
pass
will be $150. Yearly pass holders will still be required to
register
each day. A yearly pass does not guarantee visitation on high
volume
days. Once the system has received 40 registrants on a given day,
the
pass system will close for that particular day-it will still be
first come, first served each day for everyone.
Climbers that purchase a year pass will still be required to
register
for each visit to the boulderfield-all other rules apply to year
pass
holders as well.
In the meantime, please support Montlake with these upcoming
changes;
they have certainly supported us.
Steve Johnson,
Southwest Colorado Regional Coordinator
Falls Wall and Bridal
Veil Falls, Telluride, Colorado.
The Falls Wall is
located next to Bridal Veil Falls at an elevation of over 9500 feet. It has
recently seen development of several hundred sport climbs of up to 300 ft. on
high quality conglomerate rock. The Falls Wall is covered in Charlie Fowler and
Damon JohnstonÕs guide, Telluride Rocks, 3rd Edition, and is one of
the premier alpine sport crags in Colorado.
The Falls Wall cliffs are located on United States Forest Service
property. The approach from the Bridal Veil Road (County road K-69), at the
base of the tram that connects to the Bridal Veil powerhouse (one switchback
below the base of Bridal Veil Falls), crosses private property currently owned
by Idarado Mining Company. The Town of Telluride has obtained a large Great Outdoors
Colorado grant for acquisition of this property, known as the Kentucky Placer.
The Kentucky Placer extends for almost a mile to connect with the Telluride
Town Park. Telluride is in the process of completing itÕs due diligence
investigation and additional fund raising for the purchase. If all goes well,
the purchase will legalize the access to the Falls Wall in time for the 2007
climbing season.
In addition, the base of the Kentucky Placer appears to extend to
the base of Bridal Veil Falls. A pending survey should help locate the exact
corners, as problematic as it is with steep cliffs, etc. This may or may not prove to be the
solution to legally getting to and up Bridal Veil Falls, though it would not cover
the walkoff at the top.
Railroad Grade Ice, Ophir, Colorado.
A section of the old Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad known as
the Ophir Loop below Ophir, Colorado provides a flat base along several hundred
yards of moderate to hard short ice slabs and mixed smears known as the
Railroad Grade Ice. This base area is also known as the Galloping Goose Trail
which the United States Forest Service has established in the region. The
Railroad Grade Ice is located on private property and there are conflicting
jurisdictional claims to the Galloping Goose Trail itself.
A federal land exchange was proposed several years ago that would
result in acquisition of the Railroad Grade Ice area by the Forest Service.
That land exchange, unfortunately, has recently fallen through. The United
States Forest Service, however, appears determined to secure ownership of the
Galloping Goose Trail and access to it over an intervening parcel from State
Highway 145 at the top of Ophir Loop. In the meantime, the Railroad Grade Ice
remains closed to the public.
Wilson Peak.
Wilson Peak is a scenic 14,000 ft. peak featured on the Coors beer
commercials. It crowns a massif with three of ColoradoÕs southwestern most
14erÕs. Two years ago, a land owner closed trails in Silver Pick Basin which
provided access to the classic Southwest Ridge of Wilson Peak, as well as
trails also connecting into Navajo Basin for climbers interested in summiting
Mount Wilson and El Diente Peak. The landowner did so following USFS denial of
his numerous efforts to exchange 38 above-timberline mining claims
(constituting approximately 238 acres) for over 2000 acres of developable
properties on Wilson Mesa outside of Telluride. The claims include a strip of
land near the summit of Wilson Peak.
A Wilson Peak Protection Fund has been set up to evaluate
alternative access, provide signage and education to hikers, and possibly to
restore access over existing historic trails. Initial efforts may include
funding a USFS-led survey to definitively establish trail and claim locations,
estimated to cost over $57,000.00. Donations may be sent to the Colorado
Mountain Club, 710 Tenth Street, Ste. 200, Golden, Colorado 80401, ATTN: Cathy
McGuire. Checks should be made out to the Colorado Mountain Club with a
notation in the remarks line of Wilson Peak Fund.
The Wilson Peak Protection Fund was established after extensive
negotiations with the landowner over one year failed. The goal was to acquire a
recreational easement over the mining claims. During the negotiations, the landowner expressed
major concern over liability to hikers and climbers as a major reason for its
closure. In 2005, the Colorado General Assembly passed House Bill 1049, which
afforded immunity to landowners who allow members of the public to cross over
historically used trails for recreational purposes at no charge. While this
bill was pending, the landowner instead decided to offer, Òpay to playÓ access,
charging $100 per climber/hiker per day. As a result, the new liability
protections will not available to the landowner. The landowners website can be
found at www.wilsonpeakaccess.com.
The Telluride Mountain Club discourages the public and guides from paying any
access fee.
The landowner has also announced plans to commence gold mining in
Silver Pick basin as part of an apparent effort to force the public and the
Forest Service to approve the unbalanced land exchange proposal.
In the meantime, Wilson Peak climbers can skirt the mining claims by
crossing very loose scree slopes above and east of the Silverpick Road and
traversing on trails and scrambling into the upper Silver Pick Basin. This
leads to the West Face, where the summit can be legally accessed up steep snow
or scree and talus. The two other 14erÕs can continue to be legally accessed from
Navajo Basin. For more information, see: charlieontheloose@blogspot.com; www.summitpost.com; www.14ers.com.
Tom Richardson
The 380+/- acre Owls
Head Cliff property is currently listed for sale with a real estate
broker. If sold on the private
market the property would likely be developed into second homes/vacation homes
and an incredible community recreation resource and critical wildlife habitat
could be permanently lost.
In addition to possessing 800+/- vertical feet of
shear granite cliff face of Owls Head (1,967 ft.), the property also contains
6,000+/- feet of stream frontage along both sides of Oliverian Brook (a
tributary of the Connecticut River) including a small waterfall. Approximately one-half mile southeast
of the property the infamous Appalachian Trail passes through Oliverian Notch and
the Jeffers Brook Shelter and Blueberry Mountain Trail are also in close
proximity to the Owls Head Cliff property.
The
Trust for Public Lands (TPL) with support from the Access Fund is leading an
effort to have this property purchased by the White Mountain National Forest. The
Trust for Public LandÕs goal is to permanently conserve the 380+/- acre OwlÕs
Head Cliff property for people and wildlife, by conveying it to the U.S. Forest
Service for inclusion in the White Mountain National Forest.
Support for this project is needed in the form of
letters and other contact with US Forest Service management, elected officials
and conservation organizations.
This project will take time, at least several months, possibly a few
years. This property is too unique
to let it be used for anything but public or conservation land. Many people are
interested in maintaining the cliff's availability for rock climbing.
Owls Head Cliff, general info.
http://home.usaa.net/~thewebweaver/owlsheadandtheoliverian.html
Thank you to all of you that are active
participants in this project,
Tom Richardson
Durham, NH
AF NEWS
REI
Title Sponsor, GORE-TEX Products Presenting Sponsor & CLIF Bar Contributing
Sponsor
September
19, 2006, Boulder, CO –
The Access Fund is proud to announce that the seventh annual Adopt-a-Crag
season is in full swing! Marked by the September Adopt-a-Crag Celebration
month, Adopt-a-Crag has evolved
into a year-round program. More than 43 events across the country are scheduled
for this month alone with more being registered every day.
Adopt-a-Crag
is the Access FundÕs signature stewardship event, a national commitment by the
climbing community to natural resource stewardship and volunteerism, bringing
climbers together to celebrate their crag and community. It is the largest
overall volunteer effort by the climbing community year after year.
Title
Sponsor Recreational Equipment, Inc. (REI), Presenting Sponsor GORE-TEX
Products, and Contributing Sponsor Clif Bar are the Access FundÕs partners in
presenting this event and Adopt-a-Crag would not be possible without their
continuous support.
Feedback
from successfully completed events has been rolling in with claims of Òthe most
energized and productive event to dateÓ, boasting of record volunteer turnouts,
and remarks highlighting the positive impact Adopt-a-Crag has left on the crag,
community and with land managers. Significant Adopt-a-Crags still to come this
month include the Rumney Clean-up, The Gathering in Muir Valley Kentucky, Rifle
Clean-up, and the Yosemite Facelift, our biggest event.
See
a need at your crag? Want a good excuse to bring the community together? ItÕs
not to late to organize and register an event at www.accessfund.org/adopt or contact Kristo
Torgersen, Kristo@accessfund.org, 303-545-6772 x105
To find an event
in your area: www.accessfund.org/events/aac.php
As
you probably know, John Bachar was seriously injured in a car accident while he
was driving home on August 14th from the Outdoor Retailer trade show. He
sustained multiple spinal fractures and will be faced with huge medical bills
for the surgeries, physical therapy and recovery. The crash resulted in the
tragic death of Steve Karafa, president of Acopa (the climbing shoes
manufacturer), and minor injuries to JohnÕs partner Anastasia.
John,
known for his legendary and inspiring solo ascents of some of the worldÕs
highest-standard climbing was (and still is) an inspiration to me and many
climbers. From his first free ascent of Astroman to his bold solos of 5.12s (an
unimaginable level of difficulty to me at the time), to bringing the first
sticky rubber shoes into the US market, Bachar set new levels of performance
for me and many of my partners to aspire.
John
needs our help now. Below are four great ways you can contribute:
Time
Greene has put together this website and organized what could possibly be the
best gear raffle ever. HeÕs donated his time to put the website together and
has enlisted as many manufacturers as he can to donate gear. If youÕre a
manufacturer and havenÕt committed to this yet, GET WITH THE PROGRAM!!!
All the proceeds will go to the John Bachar Fund.
HereÕs
a way to donate directly to the John Bachar Fund. Dave Talsky at Mammoth
Mountaineering Supply has set up a PayPal link that will let you contribute
right to the fund. He is also sponsoring a fundraising slide show by Peter
Croft later this month. Karl, hope you donÕt mind if I poached your image above
to send out with this email.
http://www.peaklightimages.com
Karl
Baba has set aside a collection of his photos of Bachar. Buy one of these from
him and heÕll donate the proceeds to the Bachar Fund.
http://www.cirrus-digital.com/bachar.html
Phil
Bard, the guy who took ÒtheÓ photo of Bachar soloing in Tuolumne (You know, the
one of the Fire poster.) is offering up limited edition prints of that and others,
with proceeds going to the Bachar Fund.
Thanks
in advance for helping John out.
Climb
Safe,
Malcolm
Daly
Lara Usinowicz
The World Health
Organization estimates that the average adult produces about one
liter—some 2 pounds worth—of excreta per day, half of that being
solid waste.
While in our day-to-day
lives this might not be at the forefront of our thoughts, but when we head into
the backcountry, the issue of human waste must be addressed.
Consider that in 2005,
Grand Canyon National Park had 238,381 backcountry overnight stays. If most of the visitors stayed in the
park for 24 hours, that means 120 tons of human urine and feces fell upon the
Grand Canyon backcountry in 12 months.
The Happy Boulders in
Bishop, CA now sees 40,000 visitors per year and Indian Creek, UT has been so
heavily impacted by human waste that they have implemented a human waste bag
system which, while voluntary, is highly advised to avoid potential user fees
that would be associated with the Park installing toilets
(www.friendsofindiancreek.org).
While digging a cathole
is sometimes a viable option (dig a hole 6 to 8 inches deep at least 200 feet
from water, camp and trails. After use, cover and disguise the cathole and pack
out all toilet paper and hygiene products), some studies have shown that
catholes donÕt encourage a rapid Òdie-offÓ of intestinal bacteria.
There are many areas
where burying your waste is not an option. These include:
heavy use areas: at
trailheads and other areas where digging a cathole might entail digging up
someone elseÕs waste; in deep river gorges: where it is impossible to travel
the required 200 feet away from the river, along any waterway where there is
only sandy soil which doesnÕt have the nutrients to decompose waste; in canyons
and high deserts where the soil is also without the microorganisms necessary to
biodegrade human waste; above the treeline: in any mountaineering or climbing
venue where the soil is too rocky to dig the required 6-8 inches for a proper
cathole.
While any method of
carrying out your waste is better than the alternative, whether it is a plastic
baggie, a PVC tube, or the Òblue bagÓ that is offered in several mountaineering
venues, such as Rainier, compliance is an important issue so the method should
be as pleasant as possible.
There are several
products on the market that make waste containment systems (such as those in
use at Indian Creek). Access Fund Corporate Partner Restop products (www.whennaturecalls.com) offers a
safe and sanitary system to deal with human waste in the wilderness. Inside the
bag is a powder, a polymer/enzyme blend, which biodegrades and gels the waste,
giving it EPA approval to be simply thrown away in the trash after use.
These products provide
us with an inexpensive and effective means to comply with the outdoor ethics of
Leave No Trace. We can each take responsibility for ourselves in the wilderness
or we can let it go to shitÉ
ÒIf you donÕt vote in an election, you
canÕt criticize its outcome. Likewise, if youÕre unhappy with the management of
your favorite climbing areas, you can: a) Get involved by joining the Access Fund and your Local
Climbing Organization, or b) Shut your pie-hole.Ó
Excerpt from the
Spring Õ06 Black Diamond catalog
WeÕre always talking
about how important membership is to the future of climbing.
Now We Need Your
HelpÉand WeÕre Busting Out The Schwag!
ItÕs Easy: Know a climber whoÕs not a member? Get them to
join and receive free stuff. The more people you get to join, the more free
stuff you get!
á REFER TWO FRIENDS and receive a Nalgene Flask.
á REFER FOUR FRIENDS and receive a Nalgene Flask and a dri-release
wool T-shirt from Outdoor Research.
á REFER SIX FRIENDS and receive a Nalgene Flask, a dri-release wool
T-shirt from Outdoor Research, and a North Face merino wool beanie cap.
The two top
referrers will receive a bonus gift package worth over $150.
You are the
greatest testimony to the benefit of membership!
REFER your friends
by sending them to this link:
EVENTS
09/22—09/22 The Met Theatre, Spokane, WA. Reel Rock Tour
Hosted by Mountain Gear & Timmy O'Neill
09/22—09/24 Smith Rock State Park, OR. Smith Rock Detour
09/30—09/30 MPHC Climbing Gym, New York, NY. NYC'S ONLY ABS
Comp
10/13—10/15 Miguel's & Torrent Falls/Mark's BBQ, Slade,
KY.
RRGCC
Rocktoberfest 2006!!!!!!!
www.rrgcc.org/rocktoberfest2006/
10/14—10/14 Portland Rock Gym, OR. PDX Ice Festival, info@portlandrockgym.com
10/27—10/29 Indian Cove, JT National Park, CA. Climb
Smart
Register Your Adopt-a-Crag Now!
09/23
Castle Rock SP & Sanborn-Skyline County Park, CA. The REI Adopt-a-Crag Service Project hosted by
REI, Inc. 9am-12pm. check http://www.rei.com/stores/store_events.jsp?store=22
for details., Peter Caravalho, pcarava@rei.com
09/23
Rumney, NH. The Rumney Clean-Up
hosted by Anthony Pizzo. Clean-up trails throughout Rumney. Carpool if
possible. Please RSVP to the following email., Anthony Pizzo, ampizzo1986@yahoo.com
09/23
North Carolina Wall at Linville Gorge, NC. The NC Wall Adopt-a-Crag hosted by REI Pineville. meet at 10am.,
Joey Norman, jnorman@rei.com
09/23
Muir Valley Nature Preserve, Rogers, KY. GATHERING 2006 hosted by Friends of Muir Valley. Two day event,
September 23-24, 2006., Karla Carandang, friends.of.muirvalley@gmail.com
09/23
Flatirons, Boulder, CO. The 3rd
Flatiron Decent Trail Project hosted by the Flatirons Climbing Council. 8:30am
at Chataqua Ranger Cottage. Bring lunch, water, gloves, shoes, and sun
protection. For more info visit www.flatironsclimbing.com, Dan Howley, fcc@flatironsclimbing.com
09/27
Yosemite National Park, CA. The
3rd Annual Yosemite Facelift hosted by the Yosemite Climbing Association. 8am -
5pm, September 27th through October 1st. This 5 day event was awarded the
Adopt-a-Crag Conservation Award in 2005. Visit yosemiteclimbing.org for
details., Ken Yager, yager@inreach.com
09/30
Rifle Mountain Park, CO. The
Rifle Clean-Up hosted by Climbing Magazine., Greg Loomis, gregloomis@climbing.com
09/30
Great Falls Park, VA. The Great
Falls Adopt-a-Crag is hosted by the Maryland Access Fund Regional Coordinator
with support from many local climbing organizations. the event is from 9am-2pm,
check-in at 8:30am., Thomson Ling, mailto:thomsonling@gmail.com
MEMBER BENEFITS
Get member only
discounts on all the new stuff in the Access Fund MemberSHOP! www.accessfund.org/membershop
Thanks
to everyone who responded to our e-renewal offer to
receive a free signed copy of the 30
Years of Climbing anthology
book and a chance to win a custom
Black Diamond bullet pack.
This monthÕs winner is Dennis Rosen
of Melville, NY. Dennis has
been a member since 1996, and we
sincerely appreciate his support.
Congratulations Dennis!
Hey
Climbers—give back to the Access Fund when you purchase your
National
Parks Pass from our website! $10.00 of each pass purchase will
be
donated back to the Access Fund!!!!!
Check
it out on our MemberSHOP
or at www.nationalparks.org/accessfund
Buy your pass todayÉand
be sure to pass the word on to your friends & family!
Thanks to
prAna, these Limited Edition Hoodies are a smokin' deal! This is the only place you can purchase these
hoodies and every penny goes to keeping your climbing areas open (not to
mention the added benefit that you'll look good at the crag). Super-sweet 100%
cotton lightweight fleece with contrast stitching. Full zip. Artwork by prAna.
Quantities limited- get Ôem before they're gone! S-XL $42 non members/$38 member price.
100% Organic
Cotton prAna T-shirts. Those old T-shirts you've been wearing have more
perforations than Swiss Cheese at City of Rocks. By purchasing our T, you can
rebel against corporate dress codes and battle for climbers' rights at the same
time. Artwork by Mike Tea. Sizes S, M, L, XL. Color: Black, Olive, Curry, Sand,
Brown. $20 non members/$18 member price
100% Organic
Cotton prAna T-shirts. Designed for a comfortable fit and ideal for steep
sport climbs, bold runouts or just hanging out. Artwork by Mike Tea. Sizes S, M, L. Color: Black, Brown. $20 non members/$18 member price.
Uber-ultralight, ripstop
nylon shell with a breathable, wind and water-resistant polyurethane coating
keeps epic conditions at bay. 3/4-length zipper allows easy on and off without
adding unnecessary bulk. Stuffs into its own zippered pocket. Drawcord hem
adjustment and elastic cuffs snug things down when the wind makes you rethink
the crux moves. Ropegun pictured not included. 3.5oz./100g. Sizes M and XL Only
(quantities limited). Color: Phyllite. Retail $89! $32 non members / $27
member price.
Cruise to the
AF website and play ASANA PackWorks' video game Gunther's Big Day www.accessfund.com/extras/game.php
Click through to ASANA's site to purchase the full version. $10 from each
purchase made through this link will be donated to the AF. Go Gunther! Thanks
ASANA!
View Access
Fund Ambassador Chris Sharma sending a first ascent in the boulderProject promo
spot www.accessfund.org/extras/promo.php
The Access Fund
is looking for volunteer grant writers to help us write proposals for the
programs that support our mission. If you have grant writing experience
and would like to volunteer please contact Whitney Self at whitney@accessfund.org.
Please check out the
August Adopt-a-Crag Issue at www.accessfund.org/pubs/vt/VT71.pdf
(1.4Mb)
Are you a
federal employee? Did you know you can donate to The Access Fund through the
federal government's Combined Federal Campaign (CFC)?
Federal
employees, including federal civilians, military personnel, and U.S. Postal
Service workers, can now donate to AF through the federal government's Combined
Federal Campaign (CFC). The CFC is a charitable fundraising program where you
give to the Access Fund through automatic payroll deductions.
If you are a federal employee, please look for the Access Fund (agency # 2361) in the official CFC listing of eligible donors. You can also make your contribution on-line by going to: www.conservenow.org, click on Search for a Charity, type in Access Fund and make your contribut